http://www.napalmbiography.com/image-library daily 0.75 2014-09-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845065049-93366FQ4PJKBUO1FSF0Y/1.1+Greek+Fire%3AMadrid+Skylitzes.jpg Image Library - Greek Fire Byzantine naval troops deploy Greek Fire in the 1100s against the forces of Thomas the Slav. Madrid Stylitzes, Biblioteca Nacional de España https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845065049-93366FQ4PJKBUO1FSF0Y/1.1+Greek+Fire%3AMadrid+Skylitzes.jpg Image Library - Greek Fire Byzantine naval troops deploy Greek Fire in the 1100s against the forces of Thomas the Slav. Madrid Stylitzes, Biblioteca Nacional de España https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845066265-GG797HL2O1ZLDBWSBXAB/1.2+Trebuchet%3AHarper%27s.png Image Library - Trebuchet hurls fire pot A trebuchet of the 1200s equipped with defensive stockades hurls a fire pot over a castle wall. Harper's Magazine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410885558073-2HXAH4NX3U4ZN6RXTKL8/WWI+Western+Front+-+Version+2.jpg Image Library - World War I Troops on the Western Front use flamethrowers to attack enemies in the forest to the left. New York Times/Library of Congress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410885466499-TVGXRZQKEQL8NA78KLMT/image-asset.jpeg Image Library - 1937 Shanghai A baby cries at Shanghai's South Station on August 28, 1937 after a Japanese incendiary bomb attack. Office of War Information/National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845065340-2BSIZ11B5LQA550Q2E15/1942+Churchill+at+Coventry.jpg Image Library - 1941 Coventry Cathedral Prime Minister Winston Churchill visits the ruins of Coventry Cathedral in September 1941, destroyed by incendiary bombardments in November 1940. Imperial War Museum/Library of Congress https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410885902705-PER33VAK94TFHJQPLOHL/image-asset.jpeg Image Library - Professor Louis Fieser, father of napalm Harvard University’s Sheldon Emery Professor of Organic Chemistry Louis Fieser, father of napalm. Harvard University Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845068916-N69KMEHJA57XL4C6P9S7/M-47+Bomb.jpg Image Library - 1942 M-47 bombshell Mustard gas bombshell supplied to Harvard University researchers by the War Department for the first tests of napalm bombs. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845066471-AXGINMJA7FNIZS76F22N/1942+%2522Preparation+and+Loading+of+Napalm+Polymer+Gel%2522.jpg Image Library - 1942 Harvard College meat grinder mixes napalm A Harvard College dining hall meat grinder slices napalm into strands before it is mixed with gasoline and siphoned to an M-47 bombshell, originally designed for mustard gas. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method.   https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845066549-46Q6LBDJR3RMR64BX4SN/1942+%2522Solvation+of+Napalm+Powder%2522.jpg Image Library - 1942 Demonstration of mixing napalm Person believed to be Louis Fieser demonstrates how to prepare napalm from napalm powder to the right and gasoline to the left. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845066637-J01SAKQUBB6366ANMRX6/1942+%2522Aged+Napalm+Gel%2522.jpg Image Library - 1942 Just the right gel Person believed to be Louis Fieser demonstrates how effectively formulated napalm gel is not too loose and not too firm: just right. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845066891-N7J3YJVT8W1H3WVM13Y6/1942+%2522Test+Pond+with+Bomb+and+Markers%2522.jpg Image Library - 1942 Harvard University test pond with napalm bomb A napalm bomb stands in a test pond on the Harvard College soccer field, behind the Business School, before its first trial on Independence Day July 4. Tennis players in whites are in the background. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845067074-LZU55UCA5UF9NSFS1EFM/1942+%2522An+Electric+Squib+Fires+the+Bomb%2522.jpg Image Library - 1942 First field test of a napalm bomb First field test of a napalm bomb, Harvard University: July 4, 1942. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845067371-PBHV8GFJ2AX6R9YABP15/1942+%2522Fire+Extinguished+after+One+Minute%2522.jpg Image Library - 1942 Review of napalm bomb test results Assistants extinguish gobs of burning napalm and collect samples approximately one minute after detonation of napalm bomb (note empty tennis courts). Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845067471-TGJWANBJ9DK0CZ5838UB/1942+Use+of+White+Phosphorus+in+the+Napalm-Filled+M-69+Bomb+to+promote+Ignition+and+Provide+an+Obscuring+Screen+%28Harvard+Stadium+1942%29.jpg Image Library - 1942 White phosphorus igniter test at Harvard University White phosphorus produces a smokescreen intended to hamper firefighters if used in combat. Harvard's football stadium is visible in the background. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845067758-20FTOZOCFF34W94DAEVL/2008+Harvard+soccer+field.jpg Image Library - 2008 Harvard College soccer field A contemporary view of the Harvard College soccer field. Tennis courts are in the background (the building in front of Business School library tower was built after 1942). Robert Neer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845077689-6DFV5T577J86BK86VU1D/1943+Sample+German+House.jpg Image Library - 1943 Plan for a German-style house for napalm test Standard Oil’s plan for a Central German-style house used for napalm bomb tests. Focus is on the bedroom and attic. Comments note the performance of various incendiary bomb designs. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845080967-SK2XJP28YV2VFK0N7PHB/1943+German+model+interior.jpg Image Library - 1943 German-style bedroom for napalm tests A German-style bedroom furnished for napalm and other incendiary bomb tests by the Factory Mutual Research Corporation. Image on top shows the view from the door; on the bottom is the view from the window. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845081491-5NOS0HWKEVOOMB624I5T/1943+German+model+burning+test.jpg Image Library - 1943 Standard Oil napalm burning test Flames pour from the second-story window of a test structure as spectators observe an incendiary bomb test by Standard Oil Development Company researchers. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845081683-G6YGYYICJIVGV85QUROC/1943+Dugway+model+village.jpg Image Library - 1943 German and Japanese residences for napalm bomb tests Views of German and Japanese residences in incendiary bomb test villages at Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845077876-GEW9GLOLPX33DRDPGDM7/1943+%28%3F%29+SOD+sample+home+burning+test.jpg Image Library - 1943? Standard Oil napalm tests Time lapse photographs of Standard Oil Development Company napalm house burning test. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845080848-M563W1ZVVBGOJCOW0LN6/1943+%28%3F%29+%2522Testing+the+M-69+Incendiary+Bomb+on+a+model+enemy+building.%2522.jpg Image Library - 1943? Standard Oil test home burns Home ignited by napalm burns during a Standard Oil Development Company incendiary weapons test. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845081055-Y06GWDM2I0KL1L4GPJ9C/1943+Japanese+model+bedroom.jpg Image Library - 1944 Japanese room for napalm tests A Japanese room built for incendiary bomb tests at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. Furnishings include tatami mats, shoji screens, a low table with cushions, a storage chest, and bedding. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845081318-KDX08L53PA1T2GQK8UW5/1943+Japanese+bedroom+burning+test.jpg Image Library - 1944 Japanese test room successfully ignited Japanese room at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland burns after ignition with napalm. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845071657-V01NL4RFDDIOJAZMO9TU/Prof.+Fieser+at+Carlsbad+Army+Air+Base+%281943%3F%29.jpg Image Library - 1943? Louis Fieser at Carlsbad Army Air Base Prof. Louis Fieser at Carlsbad Army Air Base during bat bomb project tests. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845069038-UYB2TXCXZ88T2G2NJYTU/%2522Mexican+Free-Taled+Bat%2522+%28Todaria+mexicano%29.jpg Image Library - Mexican Free-Tailed Bat Mexican Free-Tailed Bat (todaria mexicano) used by U.S. Marine Corps for Project X-Ray napalm bat bomb program. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410893748435-PDP6KXCXWMB58ZZDPWWV/Bat+with+bomb+attached.jpg Image Library - 1943 Bat with napalm time bomb A ten- to eleven-gram Mexican free-tailed bat carries a 17.5 gram napalm time bomb designed by Louis Fieser and intended for attacks on Japan. Later bomb models were smaller (German translation for the weapon: Kamikazefledermäuse mit Napalmbehältern). Harvard University Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410896828971-NI1XDGQKKQZCAJHICHEI/1945+M1A1+Flamethrower+%28Summary+Tech+Rpt+NDRC+Vol.+III%29.jpg Image Library - 1945 Napalm flamethrower U.S. M1A1 flamethrower demonstrates increased range possible with napalm fuel. National Defense Research Committee. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845082833-YH3BNB8BUB3BUUJX4XLQ/1945+Medium+tank+with+flame+thrower+firing+on+enemy+cave%2C+Okinawa..jpg Image Library - 1945 U.S. flame tank on Okinawa Medium U.S. tank with flame thrower firing on Japanese defenders on Okinawa. U.S. Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845084914-7ALCZRKY1VSXAD4FYW7J/1943%3F+%2522Sectional+models+of+AN-M-69+and+M-69-WP+bombs.%2522.jpg Image Library - 1943? M-69 napalm firebombs 1943? Sectional models of AN-M-69 and M-69-WP bombs showing stabilizing streamers, sock filled with napalm, optional white phosphorus charge to create smokescreen and impair firefighting, and time-delay fuze. Each bomb weighed 6.2 pounds and contained 2.6 pounds of napalm. In total, America dropped over 40,000 tons of M-69 bombs on Japan: 80 million pounds of bombs, 12.9 million individual shells, and 33.5 million pounds of napalm. Standard Oil Development Company https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845084704-MTFNSMRWP4PEDUXTGLUO/1943%3F+%2522E6R2+aimable+cluster+for+the+M-69+bomb.%2522.jpg Image Library - 1943? Napalm cluster bomb 1943? E6R2 aimable cluster for the M-69 bomb. Each cluster weighed 425 pounds and contained 38 individual bombs. Standard Oil Development Company https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845085013-SN9GQ44LRZGP2LLSSCMV/1945+B-29+with+napalm+cluster+bombs.jpg Image Library - 1945 B-29 with napalm cluster bombs A B-29 with clusters of napalm bombs waiting to be loaded. National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410985060665-LL72J7UXFBIEDEBL2GMP/1945+Tokyo+after+napalm+attack.jpg Image Library - 1945 Tokyo after napalm attack Nihonbashi District in Tokyo after March 9 napalm attack. Note the complete destruction of the Japanese type buildings, and the gutted shells of the concrete structures. Life magazine/National Defense Research Committee https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845085528-WIXS885BL0XJ3F7XACYQ/1945+%2522Bodies+taken+from+the+Sumida+River+after+the+firestorm.%2522.jpg Image Library - 1945 Casualties in Tokyo Bodies fill the Sumida River after the 9 March 1945 napalm attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845085612-SG4QXIT4CW5FXDY7KJP1/1945+Tokyo+Bombing+Victims.jpg Image Library - 1945 Tokyo firestorm victims Victims of 1945 U.S. incendiary bomb attacks on Tokyo. Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845060315-R10O47COWJP1VZJO4EC3/1945+%2522Tokyo-+Burnt-out+Areas%2522.jpg Image Library - 1945 Burned-out areas of Tokyo Map shows areas of Tokyo destroyed in 1945 napalm firebomb attacks. U.S. Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410894398372-31CC7QG9JRZDQ1Y5EDHN/Firebombing_leaflet.jpg Image Library - 1945 U.S. firebombing "LeMay warning leaflet" Leaflets dropped over 35 Japanese cities on 1 August show the names of 12 cities targeted for incineration: "Read this carefully as it may save your life or the life of a relative or friend. In the next few days, some or all of the cities named on the reverse side will be destroyed by American bombs …." U.S. Army/Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845085820-69JNXHPDFTWJE8S1KUVN/1945+Osaka+Destroyed.jpg Image Library - 1945 Osaka destroyed Destruction from napalm attacks on Osaka was comparable to that of Tokyo and Hiroshima. U.S. Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845086004-7SZP2MY1PS6379M2EZDG/1945+Toyama+destroyed.jpg Image Library - 1945 Toyama destroyed Night napalm bomb attack on Toyama. U.S. Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845085982-JOH0H2HYEXUWH2XGAE9B/1945+Hiroshima+.jpg Image Library - 1945 Hiroshima destroyed Destruction after the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima was comparable to that wrought by the firebomb strikes on Tokyo, Osaka and other major Japanese cities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410896776826-EXOBZ33ILSUFOMS75Y60/1945+Japan+Losses+Mapped+to+US.jpeg Image Library - 1945 Japanese cities destroyed mapped to US A U.S. Army map showing Japanese cities destroyed compared to U.S. cities. U.S. Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845089771-W1S6PFHJRIQUBP8DAYWM/1950-53.+%2522The+power+of+napalm-+on+a+hilltop+and+on+a+factory%2522+in+Korea.jpg Image Library - 1950-1953 Korean war napalm strike A napalm bomb explodes on a factory in Korea. John Halliday and Bruce Cumings. Korea: The Unknown War. 1988: Viking/U.S. Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845086787-N8YUHDT4IO4ERKF12MJQ/1952+Korea+warning+map.jpg Image Library - 1952 U.S. Korean War warning map Map dropped by U.S. airplanes shows railroads and highways to be bombed. Austin Stevens. “U. S. Counters Red Charges Napalm Is Used on Civilians; U. N. Leaflets Warning North Koreans of Bombing U. S. COUNTERS REDS ON NAPALM BOMBS.” 19 August 1952. NYTimes.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410974151237-2Z5T3OLKKOCGEDS63LK6/5.2+Korean+women%3AAP.jpg Image Library - 1951 Korean civilians burned by napalm A trio of South Korean women, burned by U.S. napalm bombs, at an aid station near Suwon, South Korea on 4 February 1951. Associated Press/National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845087106-C2OS6IYLZ3FYOAP9SU37/1950-53.+%2522Pyongyang+after+US+bombing%2522.jpg Image Library - 1950-1953 Pyongyang after napalm bombing Pyongyang after United Nations attacks with napalm and explosives. Vitali S. Latov/John Halliday and Bruce Cumings. Korea: The Unknown War. 1988: Viking. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410894484606-WSAD6X8CPG0CK8PVUA01/1967+USN+Liberty+Damage.jpg Image Library - 1967 U.S.S. Liberty damaged by napalm and explosives Damage to U.S. intelligence vessel U.S.S. Liberty's starboard hull and superstructure after mistaken Israeli attack with napalm and explosives. U.S. Navy/Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410894492466-9MPOUBFHV2L82Z16ITY7/1967+USS+Liberty.jpg Image Library - U.S.S. Liberty damaged by napalm and explosives Damage to U.S. intelligence vessel U.S.S. Liberty from mistaken Israeli attack with napalm and explosives. U.S. Navy/Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845098934-DEIZ4VLXM9SZ9NUPOIZA/1967+Vietnamese+Child.jpg Image Library - 1967 Ramparts image of a burned Vietnamese child A photograph of a Vietnamese child burned by napalm, published in January 1967 by Ramparts magazine: one of the first images widely distributed in the U.S. of a civilian casualty from the incendiary gel. William F. Pepper/Ramparts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845092385-XJF48I3NW2P4F3J86G2K/1967+Vietnamese+Child+%281%29.jpg Image Library - 1967 Vietnamese child burned by napalm Another photograph of a Vietnamese child injured by napalm from the January 1967 issue of Ramparts magazine. William F. Pepper/Ramparts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845092668-DOP46QEKRUI4IYS02VIL/1967+UW-Madison.jpg Image Library - 1967 University of Wisconsin-Madison anti-napalm protest Demonstration against napalm manufacturer Dow Chemical Corporation and U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Wisconsin Historical Association https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410972767338-IEENQII8EHFDXOX9J60J/2235202102_8d0d4f8e6a_o+%282%29.jpg Image Library - 1967 UWI-Madison "Dow Riot" View of the anti-Dow Chemical campus protest seen from a broken window in the Commerce Building of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Wisconsin Historical Association https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845092491-6YQ3ZWLI1UVAT3XLJXOQ/1967+UWI+Madison.jpg Image Library - 1967 UWI-Madison anti-napalm protest Poster with a large image of the October 1967 "Dow Riot" on the University of Wisconsin-Madison campus showing riot police beating protesters. Includes the Lyndon Baines Johnson quote, "Our foreign policy must always be an extension of this nation's domestic policy. Our safest guide to what we do abroad is a good look at what we are doing at home." Wisconsin Historical Association https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410977124036-S8LVG1OH8ZOAQDWXI9JM/1993+MK-77+on+FA-18+Fallon+Nevada.jpg Image Library - 1993 U.S. Navy MK-77 napalm firebomb Navy technicians load an MK-77 napalm firebomb on an F/A-18 Hornet aircraft at the Naval Air Warfare Center target complex at Fallon Naval Air Station, Nevada. U.S. Navy/Wikipedia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845093951-A9PGANI5W63YSFR3ETE2/7.2+New+Carissa%3ACoast+Guard.jpg Image Library - 1999 Oregon Navy burns grounded freighter with napalm U.S. Navy napalm and explosives create a giant fireball over the grounded freighter New Carissa near Coos Bay, Oregon. Brandon Brewer/U.S. Coast Guard Digital   https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410845094233-I29J3DEZVFR43JMP4IW5/2007+Avant+Napalm+skin+cream.jpg Image Library - 2007 Napalm Topical Fat Loss Matrix Skin cream marketed by Avant Research. Caleb Stone/Avant Labs/Robert Neer https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410974354201-MNWXYYYW04G8CLAW01O3/1998+Discarded+Napalm+Bombs+Storage.jpg Image Library - 1998 Napalm bombs in storage at Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station, California About 23 million pounds of Vietnam War-era napalm bombs cover 67 acres at Fallbrook Naval Weapons Station, between Los Angeles and San Diego, in 1998. Jamie Scott Lytle/Sygma/Corbis   http://www.napalmbiography.com/news daily 0.75 2014-09-22 http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/18/brazil-publica-cites-napalms-revelations monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411099713101-JIA8DJH3B541SE2Q0GUY/image-asset.png News - Publica Brazil cites "revelations" in Napalm http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/22/american-hellfire monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411404462313-GY9CSKPKDG9XV6UA7PDE/image-asset.png News - "American Hellfire" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/22/the-clash-of-science-and-ethics monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411406458572-N7JMJG5RJFF7IJPURO0P/image-asset.png News - "The Clash of Science and Ethics" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411406525671-GG8A0EFXMIQJTW2RFFPH/humankind-logo.jpeg News - "The Clash of Science and Ethics" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411406336604-OS3YFOD56E64GO4S40G8/image-asset.png News - "The Clash of Science and Ethics" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411406388214-7VHCDGWKCKLK6R6FK4MH/image-asset.png News - "The Clash of Science and Ethics" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/22/history-of-napalm monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411407606646-48AAUA3X5HOYP2PQXBQH/image-asset.png News - Irish radio "History of napalm" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/22/napalm-strapped-bats monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411407909566-IYL0ZBF43NMYLBA6HMQC/image-asset.png News - "Napalm-Strapped Bats" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/17/except-published-in-harvard-magazine monthly 0.5 2014-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410987257503-AIRFX6CW5YXIUVIJD9NV/image-asset.png News - "Fieser flipped a switch." http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/17/nedjeljni-jutarnji-croatian-sunday-newspaper-interview monthly 0.5 2014-09-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410931564913-4LNINUFSD5QE9CVS5P5V/image-asset.png News - Croatian Nedjeljni Jutarnji Sunday newspaper interview http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/12/a-true-american-tale-time-interview monthly 0.5 2014-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410576853275-LW9ZNKLZ4YS72C1REGXH/image-asset.png News - "Heritage and horror" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410576821023-23GMX38YFWYZOHWSC0JT/image-asset.png News - "Heritage and horror" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/12 monthly 0.5 2014-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410576342401-4HGWAEP7NBP4W4E9M2E5/image-asset.jpeg News - "First-ever biography of napalm" Kady Pu for The Columbia Spectator https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410576291858-CQ23HAXIJA9TGVZZ4LGT/image-asset.png News - "First-ever biography of napalm" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/12/devilish-brew-that-changed-war-npr-wbur-interview monthly 0.5 2014-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410555006149-5KPKR5JP5P2KDPYB2ME4/image-asset.jpeg News - "Devilish brew that changed war" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410555052054-DE4JU3AYNH7QLKKPB1ZZ/image-asset.png News - "Devilish brew that changed war" http://www.napalmbiography.com/news/2014/9/12/p180i4fprlsmatoo4r12cax8oro9tg monthly 0.5 2014-09-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410554404022-989FFGXF0AB39MPZF2DE/image-asset.jpeg News - "First comprehensive history of napalm" http://www.napalmbiography.com/home daily 1.0 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410923787114-FJXYM31SIS663LIYFXMT/UN+flag.png Home 1980: United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Protocol III regulates napalm. United Nations Office at Geneva. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410924086829-ETVE8PU47KLCPK6I004I/image-asset.jpeg Home 1993: U.S. F/A 18 Hornet aircraft loaded with MK-17 napalm bomb. U.S. Naval Air Station, Fallon, Nevada https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410923321844-Q8H54KX18FQGC656TR8F/1945+Osaka+Destroyed.jpg Home 1945: Osaka incinerated by napalm. U.S.Army https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410923348098-YNLFEUCUNLIFUFVI720M/University+of+Wisconsin-Madison Home 1967: University of Wisconsin-Madison protest against napalm and the Vietnam War. UW-Madison Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410923298418-PFDQMUG57YZAXODZ02UK/1942+Harvard+white+phosphorus Home 1942: Harvard University test of white phosphorus igniter in napalm bomb. Louis Fieser, The Scientific Method. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410661712601-WL23HQO92NWQGS4U8EBQ/1998+Fallbrook+Discarded+Napalm+Bombs+Storage.jpeg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411101557858-8E8Y4BL8TKFYTL7TURA6/space+fire.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411101745462-L1AM595OBH8FONNLVQYL/1945+Japan+Firebombing+warning+leaflet.jpg Home http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews daily 0.75 2015-03-27 http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/18/expansive-and-beautifully-written-penetrating-history monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411074799941-HJLAYAH3C4A5K5MN0P77/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Penetrating history" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/18/a-first-rate-book monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411071094736-OP75B3FN5L3P9J000KGR/American_Historical_Association.jpg Comprehensive list of reviews - "A first-rate book" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/18/excellent-and-eloquent monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411068418766-7O5YV86AIBUT8VYI2W05/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Excellent and eloquent" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/mother-jones monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411013856872-CXGV4K7ZWH00HHIN2CT8/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - Mother Jones Best Books of 2013 http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/13/chilling-account-irish-times monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410658294631-BEKJTBNBOVH5RSDD81JL/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Chilling account … timely contemplation" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/nation-modern-warfare-changed monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411009537142-QLAA7SGHFE02YTQJROVB/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Modern warfare changed" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/16/8ikqh4jxsbpzrsa5gnma3emwj9f2oe monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410902508577-A6J4YYBZ5KK65N5WXLPL/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Learned, fair and historically accurate" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/h-war-excellent-definitive-history monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411009085998-20AYJBVY53UCHNF3GWZI/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Excellent … definitive history" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/nrc-handelsblad-amsterdam-netherlands monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411008456745-N4LJOP868Y1H25E068UF/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - NRC Handelsblad, Amsterdam Netherlands http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/dissent-clear-eyed-and-harrowing monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410989075623-V2MEOHZ2HSQXWZI2VTUT/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Clear-eyed and harrowing" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/vietnam-magazine-rich-detail monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411003591522-XODEOHD4SQF79TJPJZI5/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Extraordinary evolution" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/frankfurter-allgemeine monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411007527952-REV8FMYPWH861X1C301R/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - Frankfurter Allgemeine, Frankfurt Germany http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/popmatters-insanely-readable monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411002919291-0FCY780FGU9STN1WDU2L/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Insanely readable" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/larb-systematic-and-scholarly monthly 0.5 2014-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411004145348-OZD2NLKO6U5ZC1192UQN/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Systematic and scholarly" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/13/thought-provoking-and-heart-rending-tampa-bay-times monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410586627906-TW70W8QDW6FVKP4B6DWD/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Thought-provoking and heart-rending" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/13/an-admirable-job-military-history monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410586193690-FALLH73EXIB28ESUX1NW/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "An admirable job" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/exceptional-skill-and-intelligence-bookforum monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410928352011-81TI82BBQ2O1OYIP19D2/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Exceptional skill and intelligence" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/13/a-masterful-job-south-china-morning-post monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410581259148-DFWWCELT7V576PEZMLP5/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "A masterful job" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/kyeimpjcdap4cfhqdhcli7ycd9xuhu monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410577795287-NHUK2M0MEQJDV7LUHGXT/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Hideously readable" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/hellfire-and-damnation-times-of-london monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410580830952-Q0ROYEEZG88AH5ZCC23B/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Hellfire and damnation" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/18/a-parable-of-american-power monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411067290064-E2UOTXCZFUC303UU6TZX/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "A parable of … American power" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/thoughtful-history-prospect monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410581485530-BYT4HHOEUOKV1BGIXVFP/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Napalm's Death" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/technology-outraces-morality-new-york-times monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410579523368-VT7YHWQQPK1ILM7F1T9L/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Technology outraces morality" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410579618657-JU75DNG887HZYV1TZ8MJ/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Technology outraces morality" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/harrowing-history-times-higher-education monthly 0.5 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410578328902-XFQEIWL77IA86LRIWLN5/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Harrowing history" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/review-round-up monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410556593047-KTCIEM6GOJSODYLG5764/For+Beginners.jpg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Much needed history" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/harrowing-nature monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410497285760-K8PPRCYER5QMJTLSLCRV/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Harrowing" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/11/war-criminal-on-probation-macleans monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410494732996-W8CQDQO0JCBUK4Z4V0KK/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "A war criminal on probation" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/12/meticulously-researched-and-vitally-important-san-francisco-chronicle monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410496661783-W4819WYAE9XZVW458OWS/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Meticulously researched and vitally important" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/library-journal-concise-often-fascinating monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411006562205-15S0QMG7TIL69DRP8IKI/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Best from university presses" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/17/pw-picks-a-thought-provoking-lesson monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411005736273-WXP4KLIX5T30B9HUUZWE/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "A thought-provoking lesson" (PW Pick) http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/11/thoroughly-satisfying-history-kirkus monthly 0.5 2014-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410495245478-KWDBF876ZX65R2TCHY2D/image-asset.jpeg Comprehensive list of reviews - "Thoroughly satisfying history" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/22/napalm-is-a-revelation monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411415554049-3P42NUZR5NG3VN4KR6A0/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Napalm is a revelation" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/22/61htlhbletzwzuhmimqpdnunvjcpli monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411415178769-N7WSP44SLXXM3SL4Q1S7/image-asset.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "No one else has told so deeply and compellingly …" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/2014/9/22/brilliantly-conceived-masterfully-executed-and-deeply-disturbing monthly 0.5 2014-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1411414755957-BZZY6J76W945AXGJWD3S/BU+Pardee.png Comprehensive list of reviews - "Brilliantly conceived, masterfully executed, and deeply disturbing" http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/category/news monthly 0.5 http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/category/award monthly 0.5 http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/category/review monthly 0.5 http://www.napalmbiography.com/reviews/category/book monthly 0.5 http://www.napalmbiography.com/awards daily 0.75 2014-09-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410751564568-L30BCXIKFELKHUQXML5B/Mother+Jones+2013+Best+Books.jpg Awards & Honors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410751564568-L30BCXIKFELKHUQXML5B/Mother+Jones+2013+Best+Books.jpg Awards & Honors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410751573094-DWY9XVLRKVR7HY56N41U/SF+Chronicle+2013+Recommended+Books.jpg Awards & Honors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410751670425-Y1UMW4APCFFW0RZUHW27/THE+2013+Best+Books.jpg Awards & Honors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410799749490-HVJLKPQKYJ9CNC4ZH3M6/Journal+of+Military+History+2014+Second+Look.jpg Awards & Honors http://www.napalmbiography.com/video daily 0.75 2014-09-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410801876083-46TCLFSNQBRHURWWDGGI/%2522Aged+Napalm+Gel%2522.jpg Video library http://www.napalmbiography.com/about-the-book daily 0.75 2014-09-15 http://www.napalmbiography.com/documents daily 0.75 2015-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410801347288-7XMSKEU45GOFII3HRW5H/Use+of+White+Phosphorus+in+the+Napalm-Filled+M-69+Bomb+to+promote+Ignition+and+Provide+an+Obscuring+Screen+%28Harvard+Stadium+1942%29.jpg Documents Library http://www.napalmbiography.com/contact daily 0.75 2022-06-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1408681733137-9QHAPLPBKDKOCJVBK6UB/Truth+banner+900W.jpg Contact http://www.napalmbiography.com/supplementary-notes daily 0.75 2016-06-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410796077686-U3E4YTHNR6M1E50TZ2CZ/Harvard+soccer+field+2008.jpg Supplementary Notes http://www.napalmbiography.com/links daily 0.75 2014-09-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410814943667-N2JV1WTXK97KQ8EHLOCB/Fire+From+a+Napalm+Explosion+Demonstration-1.jpg Links http://www.napalmbiography.com/bibliography daily 0.75 2014-09-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53f25a22e4b0685eabc70b86/1410797240158-SV5GD1N2WGFONZZQXB9F/Library.jpg Bibliography http://www.napalmbiography.com/contact-bedford daily 0.75 2025-06-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/52a74d9ae4b0253945d2aee9/1390510556456-TV8RZ8LOBB3L6TBXFWZD/tumblr_mkrr2pZQ851rkz363o2_1280.jpg Contact